This project required expropriation, at great expense, of several square kilometers of good, irrigated land in the south; and north of the Tarnak canal, it appeared difficult to ensure a sufficient water supply to the new subdivisions.
Altogether, the financial requirements for completing the project were not accurately gauged. The project only complicated the infrastructure problems that had already been difficult to solve before. However, it was still far behind other Afghan cities in terms of infrastructure. Kandahar, although rich in water running through the traditional canals, had remained almost totally faithful to the old system, while the population quadrupled in one century.
In , there were no more than four deep wells, and the supply of drinking water was essentially provided by primitive means. The connection to the new Kajakay dam on the Helmand river was not carried out until May In , more than half of the houses were not yet connected to the network.
The economic activity of Kandahar was the object of an exemplary analysis Wiebe, and that is unequalled for other Afghan towns.
On the eve of the communist revolution of , the main activities were still concentrated in the Old City, which accommodated the great majority of trade and craft industries, as well as most of the population.
More than two-thirds approximately 3, of the total of about 5, of the city shops and workshops were located there. Work and life activities were inextricably mixed, with most of the shopkeepers and artisans living behind their stores or workshops. These arrangements tended to preserve very traditional ways in Kandahar. There was no distinct evolution toward development of new city quarters that engaged in modern business practices or pursued trade in quality imports from the West, while within easy reach of residential neighborhoods a separation commonly found in cities of the Near and Middle East.
Craft industries were largely pushed to the periphery Toepfer, p. The fact that the new city quarters were separated into two distinct areas to the east and west of the Old City was certainly responsible for this situation, which is in contrast to the simple bilateral asymmetry that took shape in most Muslim cities.
But the archaic nature of the economy also had been a determining factor. It was the place where the very rare multi-storey buildings first appeared, as well as where the taxes were the highest, such as in the busy shopping areas leading towards the arg Figure 5. In the Old City, professional separation by crafts was still very noticeable, especially with regard to the trade in fabrics, silversmithing or goldsmithing, and also the iron, lead, and wood carpentry industries.
Different sectors of the city presented very diverse aspects. In the east, toward the Kabul road, there appeared garages and car-repair shops, as well as many teahouses near the bus stops. To the south, between the gate and the tile-making quarter, trade and craftwork were oriented particularly to the needs of the rural clientele of the oasis.
The first enterprise was a woolens factory for the uniforms of the Afghan army, developed in in the northeast of the city and renovated in with Polish aid. It employed up to workers in the s, but only in , and appeared obsolete. It was revived and modernized in For a long time it served as the only manufacturing enterprise of any importance. Other facilities functioned on a temporary and seasonal basis, processing the agricultural products of the oasis—preserving fruit, making jams and fruit juices, and drying raisins.
In , a new woolen fabrics factory was launched, with the help of German capital. Construction of a cotton fabrics factory started in , 15 km east of the city. This was ready to start in , but its activity was paralyzed by political and military events.
On the whole, Kandahar remained, above all, an important center of regional land ownership, the capital of the southern Pashtun lands, and the principal commercial and management seat for all southern Afghanistan. In this role it was unchallenged in the region between Kabul and Herat, both located about km away. This very traditional city played a major role in the resistance against the communist revolution and the occupation by the Soviets, whose forces were never really able to secure the city and mainly were stationed at the airport, which had been built in the s with American aid; it lies 16 km to the southeast of the city.
A Brief Survey, London, Mohammed Ali, Guide to Afghanistan , Kabul, Bellew, From the Indus to the Tigris , London, Joseph Philippe Ferrier, History of the Afghans , tr.
William Jesse, London, Eine stadtgeographische Untersuchung , Wiesbaden, Idem, Afghanistan. Eine geographische Landeskunde , Darmstadt, Richard T.
Hallock, Persepolis Fortification Tablets , Chicago, Isidore of Charax, Stathmoi parthikoi , ed. Marquart and J. Weil, Berlin, , pp. Graz, Daniel Schlumberger, L. Robert, A. Dupont-Sommer, and E. Sushil Chaudhury and Michel Morineau, Cambridge, , pp. Submitted tags will be reviewed by site administrator before it is posted online.
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Tripura Government to build replicas of 51 Shakti Peethas. Tracing Buddha 7-week journey at Mahabodhi Temple Complex after attaining nirvana. Share with friends Thank You for sharing! The task will be mainly accomplished thanks to a novel study of unpublished material from the British archaeological excavations at Old Kandahar directed by the late Svend Helms in the period , combined with a re-examination of the archaeological material from the same site stored in the National Museum of Afghanistan, Kabul.
The project is conducted in collaboration with Professor Alison V. Betts Sydney , and with the contribution of Dr. Luca Maria Olivieri and Dr. The publication project is directed by Dr. Michele Minardi. Kandahar Citadel from Architect's notes. Skip to main content.
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