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Privacy Policy. By Francisco Banda March 20, Design , Technology , Information Architecture. Abstraction Abstraction is an extension of encapsulation. Polymorphism Polymorphism gives us a way to use a class exactly like its parent so there is no confusion with mixing types. About Author. Encapsulation adds security. This adds a layer of security, where the developer chooses what data can be seen on an object by exposing that data through public methods in the class definition.
Within classes, most programming languages have public, protected, and private sections. Public is the limited selection of methods available to the outside world, or other classes within the program.
Protected is only accessible to child classes. Private code can only be accessed from within that class. Note: JavaScript has private and protected properties and methods. Consider the getAge method in our example code, the calculation details are hidden inside the Dog class. This allows us to hide important information that should not be changed from both phishing and the more likely scenario of other developers mistakenly changing important data. Encapsulation adds security to code and makes it easier to collaborate with external developers.
Instead, developers create public methods that allow other developers to call methods on an object. Ideally, these public methods come with documentation for the external developers.
Abstraction means that the user interacts with only selected attributes and methods of an object. Abstraction uses simplified, high level tools, to access a complex object. Abstraction is using simple classes to represent complexity.
Abstraction is an extension of encapsulation. A driver only uses a small selection of tools: like gas pedal, brake, steering wheel, blinker. The engineering is hidden from the driver. To make a car work, a lot of pieces have to work under the hood, but exposing that information to the driver would be a dangerous distraction.
Abstraction also serves an important security role. By only displaying selected pieces of data, and only allowing data to be accessed through classes and modified through methods , we protect the data from exposure. Polymorphism means designing objects to share behaviors. Using inheritance, objects can override shared parent behaviors, with specific child behaviors. Polymorphism allows the same method to execute different behaviors in two ways: method overriding and method overloading.
Runtime polymorphism uses method overriding. In method overriding, a child class can provide a different implementation than its parent class. In our dog example, we may want to give TrackingDog a specific type of bark different than the generic dog class. Method overriding could create a bark method in the child class that overrides the bark method in the parent Dog class. Compile Time polymorphism uses method overloading.
Methods or functions may have the same name, but a different number of parameters passed into the method call. Different results may occur depending on the number of parameters passed in. In this code example, if no parameters are passed into the updateAttendance method. One day is added to the count. If a parameter is passed in updateAttendance 4 , then 4 is passed into the x parameter in updateAttendance x , and 4 days are added to the count. Object Oriented programming requires thinking about the structure of the program and planning at the beginning of coding.
Looking at how to break up the requirements into simple, reusable classes that can be used to blueprint instances of objects. Overall, implementing OOP allows for better data structures and reusability, saving time in the long run. These courses are text-based with in-browser coding environments so you can learn even faster and more efficiently. No set-up required, just get in and start coding. Join a community of , monthly readers.
A free, bi-monthly email with a roundup of Educative's top articles and coding tips. All rights reserved. You should extract out the codes that are common for the application, and place them at a single place and reuse them instead of repeating it. When the individual objects are created, they inherit all the variables and functions from the class. You will learn much more about classes and objects in the next chapter.
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