The implications of this term therefore need to be spelled out, and we are sure that once they are, most people — and most Israeli citizens, we trust — will not accept these implications. These generally overlap, but not always. For example, some ethnic Jews are atheists and there are converts to Judaism leaving aside the question of whether these are accepted as such by Ultra-Orthodox Jews who are not ethnic Jews.
Second, let us suggest also that having a modern nation-state being defined by one ethnicity or one religion is problematic in itself — if not inherently self-contradictory — because the modern nation-state as such is a temporal and civic institution, and because no state in the world is — or can be in practice — ethnically or religiously homogenous.
Indeed, Israel publicly admits that it does not hold the land for the benefit of its citizens but holds it, in trust, on behalf of the Jews of the world for all time. This is something that happens in practice, but that obviously Palestinians in the occupied territories — including Jerusalem — do not see as fair, especially as they are constantly forcibly evicted off their ancestral homeland by Israel to make way for foreign Jewish settlers, and because Palestinians in their diaspora are denied the same right to come and live.
Sixth, it means, before final status negotiations have even started, that Palestinians would have then given up the rights of about 7 million Palestinians in the diaspora to repatriation or compensation; 7 million Palestinians descended from the Palestinians who in lived in historical Palestine ie what is now Israel, the West Bank including Jerusalem, and Gaza and at that time made up , of its , inhabitants; and who were driven off their land through war, violent eviction or fear.
He, only He, is the Hearer, the Seer. Moreover, Muslims wanting to take a similar, religiously exclusive narrative, could point out that while Jerusalem is mentioned times in the Bible, it is not mentioned once in the Torah as such — a fact that any Biblical Concordance will easily confirm. In addition to the eight specific items mentioned in the survey remembering the Holocaust, observing Jewish law, etc.
This open-ended question, which respondents were asked to answer in their own words, drew a relatively small number of responses in the U. By contrast, nearly all Israeli Jews offered at least one additional essential element of their Jewish identity, and many offered more than one.
This large difference in open-ended responses between U. Jews and Israeli Jews may stem from several factors. Because of the difference in the social and political context between the United States and Israel, Israeli Jews may have been culturally predisposed to talk at greater length than Americans about their Jewish identity.
Also, the Israel survey was conducted in person, which may have encouraged respondents to be more engaged with this open-ended question than the American respondents, who were interviewed on the phone. For a full evaluation of how the mode of survey administration could have influenced the results of the study, see the methodology.
Further, the questions about Jewish identity that preceded the open-ended question were originally designed for American Jews and used in the Israel survey to allow for comparisons between the two groups.
Israeli Jews may have felt dissatisfied with the choices offered to them in the closed-ended questions, which led to more extensive responses in the open-ended question. While U.
Both U. Regardless of Orthodox or non-Orthodox background, Jews in both countries take the same side on whether a person can be Jewish if he or she believes Jesus was the Messiah, works on the Sabbath or is strongly critical of the State of Israel. Among Jews in both the U. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world.
It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. Newsletters Donate My Account.
Research Topics. Israeli Jews more observant than U. Israeli Jews more likely than U. Jews to observe Jewish rituals and practices Overall, Israeli Jews display more religious involvement than U. Jews are older, more educated than Israeli Jews U. Close connections between Jews in U. Different perspectives on the peace process, settlements and U. Jews have more social connections with members of other religions American Jews are much more likely than Israeli Jews to have close friendships with people of other faiths, and intermarriage is also comparatively common among non-Orthodox U.
Differing ideas on what is essential to Jewish identity Religious practices, political views and social circles are not the only ways in which Jews in Israel differ from Jews in the U. The survey of U.
Jews was conducted before all of these events, while the Israel survey was conducted after the Gaza war; interviewed through the Israeli elections, held in March. For details, see a sidebar on marriage and divorce in Israel.
Pagination Next: 2. Comparisons between Jews in Israel and the U. Jews U. Jews are older, more educated than Israeli Jews Different perspectives on the peace process, settlements and U. Jews have more social connections with members of other religions Differing ideas on what is essential to Jewish identity 2.
Religious affiliation and conversion 3. Identity 4. Religious commitment 5. Jewish beliefs and practices 6. Muslim and Christian beliefs and practices 7. Semion Natliashvili depicts the modern ingathering of the Jewish People after 2, years of Diaspora. The center image of the picture shows a young and old man attired in a prayer shawl and reading from a Torah scroll that has united the Jewish People.
The Star of David symbolizes the gathering of the Jewish People from all corners of the world, including Georgia country of birth of the artist , Morocco, Russia, America, China, Ethiopia, Europe and other countries joining together and dancing in celebration. Other images inside the star symbolize modern Israeli industry, agriculture and military. The images on the margins of the picture symbolize the major threats that the Jewish People faced in Exile starting from the Exodus from Egypt, followed by Romans, Arabs, and culminating in the gas-chambers of the Holocaust in Europe.
Written by: Israel Hanukoglu, Ph. Quote from Charles Krauthammer - The Weekly Standard, May 11, "Israel is the very embodiment of Jewish continuity: It is the only nation on earth that inhabits the same land, bears the same name, speaks the same language, and worships the same God that it did 3, years ago. The Greeks generally allowed the Jews to run their state. The actions of the Greeks led to the initiation of a revolt by the Maccabean family. Their rebellion succeeded, and the Maccabean family established an independent rule.
The events related to this victory against the Greek army are celebrated during the Hanukah holiday. Cookie banner We use cookies and other tracking technologies to improve your browsing experience on our site, show personalized content and targeted ads, analyze site traffic, and understand where our audiences come from. By choosing I Accept , you consent to our use of cookies and other tracking technologies. What are Israel and Palestine? Why are they fighting?
Reddit Pocket Flipboard Email. Palestinians gather to show their support to a vessel flotilla that set out Monday from the northern Gaza Strip in hopes of breaking the decade-long blockade of the coastal enclave. Israel in red, Palestinian-majority territories in pink.
Vardion Though both Jews and Arab Muslims date their claims to the land back a couple thousand years, the current political conflict began in the early 20th century.
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