Education across Kazakhstan is conducted in either Kazakh, Russian, or both. According to its Constitution, Kazakhstan is a secular state.
Islam is the largest religion in Kazakhstan, followed by Orthodox Christianity. After decades of religious suppression by the Soviet Union, the coming of independence witnessed a surge in expression of ethnic identity, partly through religion.
The free practice of religious beliefs and the establishment of full freedom of religion led to an increase of religious activity.
Hundreds of mosques, churches, and other religious structures were built in the span of a few years, with the number of religious associations rising from in to 4, today. Some figures show that non-denominational Muslims form the majority, while others indicate that most Muslims in the country are Sunnis following the Hanafi school. There are also some Ahmadi Muslims.
Unaffiliated mosques are forcefully closed. Eid al-Adha is recognised as a national holiday. One quarter of the population is Russian Orthodox, including ethnic Russians, Ukrainians and Belorussians.
Other Christian groups include Roman Catholics and Protestants. There are a total of Orthodox churches, 93 Catholic churches, and over Protestant churches and prayer houses. The Russian Orthodox Christmas is recognised as a national holiday in Kazakhstan.
According to the Census data, there are very few Christians outside the Slavic and Germanic ethnic groups. Education is universal and mandatory through to the secondary level and the adult literacy rate is Education consists of three main phases: primary education forms 1—4 , basic general education forms 5—9 and senior level education forms 10—11 or 12 divided into continued general education and vocational education.
For a centrally planned city, the aesthetic juxtapositions are remarkably discordant. A flashy glass pyramid. A towering set of apartments built to match Moscow University in the Stalinist empire style. A Disney version of the White House. A vase-like tower with a ball on top that the president apparently designed on the back of a napkin during a state dinner. A finance ministry shaped as a dollar bill. Few of these buildings seem to have been designed with practicality in mind. The lifts in the pyramid go up, then left, then up, then left — it must have been incredibly expensive to get them to waltz like that.
My hotel has an impressive light show on the outside of the building … and terrible Wi-Fi. When the capital was moved here from Almaty in , there was little enthusiasm among government officials who were forced to relocate.
Almaty — which finds out this week if it has been successful in its bid to host the Winter Olympics — is more than a thousand kilometres further south, and is a much older and considerably classier affair. This is where Prince Harry enjoyed his winter holiday with Cressida Bonas in , and where government officials spent long weekends cooking plov at their luxury dachas styled on English country houses.
In this regard, the comparison with Ukraine is instructive: both have high Russian populations. However, Nazarbayev is playing wise, carefully manoeuvring between Russia, China and the US, and is duly credited for encouraging intra-ethnic — and indeed, intra-religious — harmony.
There are several large mosques in Astana, but also churches and synagogues. The baby-blue Beit Rachel synagogue is the largest in central Asia. They represent a universal call for action to end poverty, protect the planet, and improve the lives of all people, wherever they may be. Photo credit: wbcsd.
Kazakhstan is successfully implementing the plan. The urbanization process is supported by urban development institutions and by the progressive pace of housing construction in cities. Within seven months, 7,7 million square meters of housing have already been put into operation — More than 17 million square meters are going to be commissioned, reaching a record level.
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